Interference Analysis of LEO Mega-Constellation Uplink Transmissions Affecting GSO Satellite Networks in the Ku Band

This study investigates uplink interference from low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation earth stations to geostationary-satellite orbit (GSO) networks in the Ku-band, focusing on the 14-14.5 GHz frequency range. The analysis reveals that interference magnitude depends critically on LEO earth station deployment density and GSO avoidance angle. Dense deployments with minimal avoidance angles cause severe GSO reception degradation, whereas a 20-degree avoidance angle ensures compliance with the protection criterion across all deployment scenarios. This work establishes technical foundations for regulatory frameworks and design methodologies to enable effective spectrum sharing between LEO and GSO satellite systems.