Early postoperative complications following TPSF were within the higher range of internationally reported series. Preoperative neurological deficits and multilevel fixation were associated with increased risk. These findings highlight the importance of preoperative assessment, establishing stronger perioperative infection-control practices, and enhancing postoperative monitoring, which may improve surgical safety and recovery in low-resource environments.
Al-Ashhab et al. (2026) studied this question.