Agrivoltaic systems are increasingly utilized as an approach to maximize land use efficiency by co-producing crops and solar energy. The research for this field includes a wide variety of shade-tolerant crops. However, there remains space for additional research for C4 plants, such as maize, which are not known to be shade-tolerant. This study focuses on the physiological effects of shading from an elevated agrivoltaic system on Zea mays (L.), commonly known as maize, including developmental delays, physical parameters, and final yield. Using irradiation and soil moisture data collected, an equation to determine yield was developed. It was found that under approximately 20–25% shading condition, that the average yield reduction for a maize hybrid was 7.7%. Additionally, the correlation between a joint variable, made up of irradiation and soil moisture, and yield was found to be 0.475. Our findings indicate that maize may be effectively used as an agrivoltaic crop, which may be critical for further wide-spread adoption of agrivoltaics on large commercial crop lands.
Sanchez et al. (Fri,) studied this question.