What question did this study set out to answer?

The analysis aims to explore the military costs and peacekeeping efforts associated with African conflicts from 1990 to 2025.

March 24, 2026Open Access

Africa's Most Invested Conflicts: Military Costs and Peace Efforts

Key Points

The analysis aims to explore the military costs and peacekeeping efforts associated with African conflicts from 1990 to 2025.
Detailed examination of 50 major African conflicts
Investigation of military and peacekeeping costs
Assessment of key actors and funding sources
Analysis of outcomes and root causes of conflicts
Internal conflicts, including civil wars and ethnic violence, significantly affect military spending.
Peacekeeping efforts often remain underfunded despite their high costs.
External actors and illicit economies contribute to the sustainability of these conflicts.

Abstract

Africa's security landscape from 1990 to 2025 has been shaped by internal conflicts4civil wars, insurgencies, and ethnic violence4rather than interstate wars. These conflicts have driven significant military spending, often diverting resources from development, and have been sustained by illicit economies and external actors. Peacekeeping efforts, while costly, are frequently underfunded and struggle to address root causes. This analysis details 50 major African conflicts, their military and peacekeeping costs, key actors, funding sources, and outcomes, while exploring why peacebuilding remains underfunded.

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