Indonesia’s complex tectonic and volcanic setting significantly increases its susceptibility to landslides, particularly in highland regions with intense rainfall. Karo Regency, North Sumatra, represents one of the most landslide-prone areas due to steep terrain, active volcanism, and proximity to the Sumatra Fault Zone. This study aims to assess landslide risk in Karo Regency using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based approach by integrating hazard, vulnerability, and capacity components. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS 3.30.2 through a weighted scoring and overlay method based on the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works Regulation No. 22/PRT/M/2007 and BNPB Regulation No. 2/2012. The resulting landslide risk map classifies the study area into five risk levels: very low (636.320 km²), low (506.095 km²), moderate (901.106 km²), high (121.461 km²), and very high risk (13.284 km²). Model validation using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve produced an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.886, indicating excellent predictive performance. The findings provide a comprehensive spatial framework to support disaster risk reduction, spatial planning, and sustainable development in landslide-prone regions.
Hastuty et al. (Thu,) studied this question.