ABSTRACT Indole derivatives have emerged as powerful scaffolds in the search for effective anticancer agents. In this study, we detail a sustainable and efficient synthesis of novel indole derivatives using sulfuric acid as catalyst, this method enhances reaction efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. The sequence involves carbon–nitrogen bond formation, thereby promoting effective hydrazone formation and facilitating the subsequent cyclization. All the synthesized molecules were characterized using spectroscopic techniques including 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and GC–mass spectroscopy. The synthesized molecules were assessed against the colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco‐2 cell for their cytotoxic potential, exhibiting a clear dose‐ and time‐dependent effect. Significant morphological changes in cancer cells validated the occurrence of cell death. The antiangiogenic potential was substantiated through the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, highlighting their ability to inhibit tumor vascularization. In addition to that Molecular docking was carried out for the synthesized molecules with standard reference ellipticine. Together, these findings position environmental friendly methodologies for the synthesis of (poly)hydrocycloalkano b indole derivatives and also might be promising candidates for the development of effective colorectal cancer therapies.
Rayawgol et al. (Sun,) studied this question.