Mineralogical Characteristics, Chemical Speciation, and Leaching Toxicity of Vanadium‐Bearing Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Improper disposal of vanadium‐bearing basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag not only poses environmental contamination risks but also results in resource wastage. This study systematically characterized vanadium‐bearing BOF slag through multiple analytical techniques. The chemical speciation of elements was determined via sequential extraction procedures, while leachability assessments were performed using the solid waste leaching toxicity method (HJ/T 299–2007) and the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Key findings revealed that vanadium in the slag exists in three valence states: 31.5% as V 3+ and 68.5% as V 4+ /V 5+ . The sequential extraction demonstrated that Fe and V were predominantly associated with ferromanganese oxide phases, whereas Cr primarily remained in residual fractions, and the quantitative analysis indicated migratable 0.239% Fe, 0.0149% Cr, and 0.384% V. Leachability test results confirmed compliance with elemental release limits for toxicity thresholds.