Implementation of Arbitral Protection of Investors under the 1965 Washington Convention: International and Domestic Mechanisms

The article analyses international and domestic mechanisms of investor protection operating within the legal framework of the 1965 Washington Convention. It focuses on the legal preconditions for ICSID jurisdiction, the central role of consent to arbitration, and the principal modalities through which consent may be expressed in contractual arrangements, investment treaties, and domestic legislation. The discussion addresses admissibility-related aspects, the relevance of procedural requirements to the stability of jurisdiction and the enforceability of awards, and the impact of legal certainty and predictability of application on the effectiveness of protection. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between the public-law dimension of State involvement and the arbitration-based procedural instruments, highlighting the need for clear consent clauses and coherence between domestic regulation and international commitments.