Aluminum alloys with open-channel structure were fabricated by casting the melt of aluminum alloys using wire-extraction method. Template stainless steel wires were coated with release agents such as boron nitride and alumina, which were embedded in the melt of aluminum alloys. After solidified, the wires were extracted by tensile test machine to fabricate channel holes so that open-channel aluminum alloys were produced.
Hideo Nakajima (2026) studied this question.