Effects of Staggered Liquid Cooling Plates on Lithium-Ion Batteries Thermal Performance

This paper proposes a staggered liquid cooling plates (LCP) and semi-immersion cooling method. A numerical simulation model was established based on the Newman–Tiedje–Gu–Kim electrochemical model and the multiscale multidomain method. The system analysis included the influence of coolant inlet velocity Formula: see text, channel angle Formula: see text, channel width Formula: see text, and channel height Formula: see text on heat dissipation performance. The results show that increasing Formula: see text will reduce the maximum temperature Formula: see text and the average temperature difference Formula: see text, but when Formula: see text exceeds Formula: see text, the improvement weakens. The angle Formula: see text achieves the best thermal uniformity, but it will cause a sudden increase of 417.7% in pressure drop Formula: see text. Increasing a and b enhances heat dissipation by expanding the contact area of the coolant. When Formula: see text, Formula: see text decreases by 0.75%, and the comprehensive heat transfer performance JF increases by 1231%. The top of the LCP was changed to a through-hole parallel coolant in contact with the battery (semi-immersed cooling). Compared with the original design, Formula: see text decreased by 86.22%, and JF increased by 47.61%.