Unveiling the gut: microbiota and derived metabolites’ role in the rising tide of precocious puberty

With the rising global incidence of precocious puberty, understanding its pathogenesis is crucial. The gut microbiota, a key regulator of host physiology, has emerged as a potential contributor. While microbial alterations are observed during puberty and dysbiosis is associated with its early onset, definitive mechanisms are unclear. This review examines the role of gut microbiota and derived metabolites in precocious puberty through its effects on endocrine, immune, metabolic, and gut-brain axis. By integrating existing research, the purpose of this review is to provide a conceptual framework and highlight prospects for novel diagnostics and therapeutics.