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March 29, 2026Neurología (English Edition)0 citationsOpen Access

Impact of care by a multidisciplinary team on the assessment of cognitive aspects and decision-making at the end of life in a Spanish population with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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MCM.I. Chamorro-MuñozMAM.N. Afkir-OrtegaAAA. Aguilar-Monge

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate the effects of multidisciplinary team care on cognitive assessment and end-of-life decision-making in ALS patients.
  • Conducted an observational, longitudinal, retrospective study.
  • Included a cohort of ALS patients treated between 2000-2022.
  • Compared care before and after a multidisciplinary model was implemented.
  • Analyzed cognitive assessments, treatment interventions, and patient decisions.
  • Cognitive assessments increased in the multidisciplinary care group (55.48% vs 12.8%, p < 0.001).
  • Dementia diagnoses were higher in the multidisciplinary group (11.6% vs 2.3%, p < 0.048).
  • Advance directives were recorded more frequently in the multidisciplinary group (56.8% vs 23.4%, p < 0.001).
  • Invasive ventilation was only performed within the context of multidisciplinary care.

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease with a fatal course, often associated with unassessed cognitive-behavioural disturbances, and very relevant end-of-life care decisions. The aim of this study is to verify whether multidisciplinary team care for ALS patients in our setting has modified the cognitive assessment and the end-of-life decision making, compared to a model of uncoordinated specialist care. An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of patients with probable or definite ALS, in a referral hospital, between 01-01-2000 and 31-12-2022, differentiating whether they were treated before or after the implementation of a multidisciplinary model. We analysed the performance of cognitive assessment, the use of riluzole, gastrostomy, non-invasive ventilation and invasive ventilation, and the recording of patients' decisions regarding the care they wished to receive. Comparisons between variables were performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. We evaluated 47 patients seen by uncoordinated specialists and 146 with a multidisciplinary model. Patients cared for using the multidisciplinary model were more frequently cognitively assessed (55.48% vs 12.8%, p < 0.001), diagnosed with dementia (11.6% vs 2.3%, p < 0.048) and their advance directives were recorded (56.8% vs 23.4%, p < 0.001). We found no differences in the use of advanced interventions, except for invasive ventilation, which was only performed in the context of multidisciplinary care. The multidisciplinary model of care for ALS patients in our setting has improved cognitive assessment, promoted the registration of their advance directives, and thus helped to improve respect for their autonomous decisions and dignity. La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad que asocia frecuentemente alteraciones cognitivo-conductuales, frecuentemente no evaluadas, y decisiones muy relevantes sobre los cuidados al final de la vida. Nuestro objetivo es comprobar si la atención por un equipo multidisciplinar a pacientes con ELA en nuestro medio ha mejorado la valoración cognitiva realizada y la toma de decisiones al final de la vida. Estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo, de una cohorte de pacientes con ELA probable o definitiva, en un hospital de referencia, entre 01-01-2000 y 31-12-2022, diferenciando que fueran atendidos antes o después de la implementación de un modelo multidisciplinar (MM). Se analizó la realización de una valoración cognitiva, uso de riluzol, gastrostomía, ventilación no invasiva o invasiva, y el registro de las decisiones de los pacientes respecto a sus cuidado. Las variables se compararon mediante el test de chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Evaluamos 47 pacientes atendidos por especialistas no coordinados y 146 con un MM. Los paciente atendidos mediante el MM fueron más frecuentemente valorados cognitivamente (55.48% vs 12.8%, p < 0.001), diagnosticados de demencia (11.6% vs 2.3%, p < 0.048) y registradas sus voluntades anticipadas (56.8% vs 23.4%, p < 0.001). No encontramos diferencias en el uso de intervenciones avanzadas, salvo para la ventilación invasiva, que sólo se realizó en el contexto multidisciplinar. El modelo multidisciplinar de atención a pacientes con ELA en nuestro medio ha mejorado la valoración de aspectos cognitivos, ha favorecido el registro de sus voluntades anticipadas y así ha promovido el respeto a sus decisiones autónomas.

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Cite This Study

Chamorro-Muñoz et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c8c115de0f0f753b39badchttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2026.501950
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Empowering ALS Care: Multidisciplinary Management and Guideline Adherence2024
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  4. 4Implementation of specialised care improves survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis2026
  5. 5Repeated cognitive assessments show stable function over time in patients with ALS2024 · 2 citations