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March 29, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Flexibility and Intransigence

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JVJan Claudius Völkel

Key Points

  • To assess the transformation toward democracy and market economy in various countries in the region.
  • Conducted regional analysis covering 17 countries.
  • Utilized the Transformation Index BTI framework for evaluation.
  • Analyzed governance quality and transformation processes over a specified period.
  • Identified diverse levels of transformation toward democracy across the region.
  • Highlighted varying qualities of governance in each assessed nation.
  • Outlined specific challenges faced by countries in transitioning to democratic systems.

Abstract

This report is part of the Transformation Index BTI 2026. The regional analysis covers the period from February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2025. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at www.bti-project.org. Overview of the transformation processes in Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Türkiye, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen

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Cite This Study

Jan Claudius Völkel (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c8c28cde0f0f753b39cdf8https://doi.org/10.11586/2026054
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