Planetary hybrid powertrain systems are widely utilized due to their high-efficiency planetary gear coupling mechanism, in which the energy management strategy (EMS) directly affects system efficiency and fuel economy. To address the difficulty in optimizing energy distribution across different operating modes of a double-planetary-gear hybrid system, this paper proposes a Mode-Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (MA-ECMS). Based on the dynamic programing (DP) algorithm for energy management, the proposed strategy improves a rule-based EMS by extracting the distribution characteristics of operating modes and fitting their boundary curves. Validation results show that the improved rule-based strategy reduces fuel consumption by approximately 2.68% compared with conventional rule-based strategies, while also improving the final state of charge (SOC) of the battery, confirming its effectiveness and practical value. Furthermore, the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is incorporated. By integrating ECMS with varying initial SOC levels and operating mode conditions, a piecewise linear adjustment function based on SOC deviation feedback is introduced to dynamically adjust the equivalent factor. An equivalent factor MAP is then constructed, enabling adaptive optimization of the energy management strategy under different operating states. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MA-ECMS not only achieves a 2.82% reduction in fuel consumption compared to conventional ECMS, but also significantly mitigates battery SOC fluctuations, thereby optimizing both fuel economy and battery lifespan. The strategy offers a solution with strong engineering applicability for real-time energy management in multi-mode hybrid powertrain systems.
Deng et al. (2026) studied this question.