The review provides information on habitat types, distribution, and host-parasite relations in 87 flea species known as infected in natural plague foci in different regions of the world. In particular, the following flea groups are considered: (1) 55 species of the family Ceratophyllidae, (2) a single species of the family Xiphiopsyllidae, (3) 31 species of the family Leptopsyllidae. The distribution of main and others plague vectors species along zoogeographic regions and hosts is examined.
Medvedev et al. (2025) studied this question.