Integrated CoNi2S4 Nanosheets/3D Conductive Scaffold as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitors and Sensors

Bifunctional materials present a promising route to develop advanced devices, yet the dual performance of CoNi2S4 nanosheets anchored on a porous scaffold is seldom reported. Herein, we propose a rational fabrication strategy to construct a three-dimensional hierarchical electrode via the in-situ growth of densely aligned CoNi2S4 nanosheets on a conductive fabric scaffold. This integrated porous architecture concurrently offers an ultrahigh specific surface area, efficient mass transport, and rapid electron conduction. As a supercapacitor, the electrode achieves a high areal capacitance of 3198 mF cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2 and retains 98.1% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles at 20 mA cm−2. As a non-enzymatic glucose sensor, it exhibits outstanding selectivity (<4.1% interference), high sensitivity (1049 μA mM−1 cm−2), a wide linear range (1–8 mM), and a low detection limit (1 μM). These results highlight the significant potential of this binder-free, scaffold-supported nanosheet design for advancing integrated energy storage and biosensing systems.