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March 30, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Gap ratio statistics of Riemann zeros: measurement, mechanism, and the Berry-Keating correction

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DADavid Escribano Alarcón

Key Points

  • To provide a precise measurement of the convergence of the gap ratio statistic of Riemann zeta zeros to the GUE prediction.
  • Used a dataset of high-precision Riemann zeta zeros up to height T ~ 3x10^10 and lower heights from Odlyzko's tables.
  • Analyzed the gap ratio statistic `<r>` and identified its asymptotic value.
  • Investigated the physical mechanism explaining the observed trends in spacing distribution and correlation.
  • Found convergence rate `<r>`(T) = 0.59891(13) + 1.245(40)/log^2(T).
  • The asymptotic value R_inf = 0.59891 is 6.1 sigma below the GUE limit R_GUE = 0.59971.
  • Both spacing distribution and correlation were shown to converge as 1/log^2(T).

Abstract

We report the first precision measurement of the rate at which the gap ratio statistic`` of Riemann zeta zeros converges to the GUE prediction. Using Platt's high-precision zeros up to height T ~ 3x10¹0 (log T = 24), together with Odlyzko's tables at lower heights, we construct a 21-point dataset spanning log T = 9. 7 to 24. 1 and find `` (T) = 0. 59891 (13) + 1. 245 (40) /log² (T), with chi²/dof = 0. 50. The asymptotic value Rᵢnf = 0. 59891 lies 6. 1 sigma below the GUE limit RGUE = 0. 59971, indicating incomplete convergence at log T = 24. The first-order term b/log T is consistent with zero (b = 0. 019 +/- 0. 043), explained by the symmetry r (s1, s2) = r (s2, s1) and the antisymmetry of the Berry-Keating first-order correction. We identify the physical mechanism: Riemann zeros have a narrower spacing distribution than GUE (std (s) < stdGUE) and stronger anti-correlation (Corr (sₙ, s₍+₁) < CorrGUE), both converging as 1/log² (T). Decomposing: cₛtd = +1. 60 (+128%) and ccorr = -0. 36 (-29%), reproducing 99. 5% of the measured coefficient. Independent confirmation comes from the number variance Sigma² (L, T) and spectral rigidity Delta₃ (L, T), which exhibit the Bogomolny-Keating saturation at Lcross = log T/ (2*pi).

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Cite This Study

David Escribano Alarcón (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c9c553f8fdd13afe0bd441https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19297695
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