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April 1, 2026HealthcareOpen Access

Development and Psychometric Validation of a Multidimensional Ecological Model-Based Awareness Scale for Patients with Stage 3–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

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Authors

BABerrak Itır AylıNENüket Paksoy Erbaydar

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Overview

Methodological study develops and validates a new awareness scale for chronic kidney disease, suggesting improved patient education strategies.

Key Points

  • This study aims to develop and validate a multidimensional awareness scale for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients based on socioecological theory.
  • Enrolled 908 patients with stage 3–4 CKD.
  • Conducted qualitative interviews and expert panel evaluations.
  • Performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the scale.
  • Evaluated psychometric properties including reliability and validity.
  • Identified a seven-factor structure explaining 43.8% variance.
  • Developed a final 34-item scale with good fit indices (CFI = 0.972).
  • Achieved high internal consistency (α = 0.884) and excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.954).
  • Demonstrated a strong correlation with a health literacy scale (r = 0.810).

Cite This Study

Aylı et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ccb74216edfba7beb891adhttps://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14070876
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