Physical Predictions and Observable Structures in an ``Information = Matter'' Unified Theory Curvature, Spectra, and Cosmological Signatures

We investigate the physical prediction layer of an ``information = matter'' unified theory whose core field equations have been developed in a previous work. Starting from the information--Einstein equation₈₉=\, I₈₉[, \]and its quantum and unified extensions, we derive concrete classes of observable consequences: (i) effective equations of state and modified Friedmann equations in homogeneous cosmology; (ii) information-induced corrections to gravitational lensing and post-Newtonian parameters; (iii) spectral predictions for bound states and mass gaps arising from information potentials; and (iv) constraints on information curvature from black hole thermodynamics and area laws. We provide detailed derivations of each prediction, identify the minimal assumptions required, and discuss how these predictions could, in principle, be confronted with observations. The paper is entirely self-contained and is written to make explicit the bridge from the abstract information-geometric equations to concrete physical observables.