Between Social and Individual “Happiness”: The Inner Struggles of Manchukuo Writer Gu Ding around 1939

Key Points

• The aim is to explore the contrasting concepts of social and individual happiness in Gu Ding's writings from 1939.
• Literary analysis of Gu Ding's works
• Examination of historical and cultural context
• Comparative analysis of social versus individual themes
• Identified significant inner conflicts regarding happiness in Gu Ding's narrative
• Highlighted the influence of social pressures on individual perspectives
• Revealed cultural implications of happiness during the Manchukuo period