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April 1, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Hearing the bells of Gion Shōja:Transcultural and intralingual translations of Heike Monogatari

MWMichael Geoffrey WATSON

Key Points

  • The aim is to analyze the adaptations of the Gion shōja passage from Heike monogatari across different languages and cultures.
  • Compared twenty translations, including sixteen foreign language renditions and one romanized version for language learners.
  • Examined different strategies used in translations, such as domestication and foreignization.
  • Analyzed formatting choices, such as prose versus poetry to convey meaning.
  • Identified a wide range of translation strategies based on cultural context.
  • Noted a shift from prose to poetics in many translations, incorporating line breaks, rhyme, and meter.
  • Highlighted the careful selection of diction reflecting Buddhist themes of impermanence and decline.

Abstract

Complete translations of the medieval Japanese narrative Heike monogatari (The Tale of the Heike) have appeared in at least nine languages: Chinese (1984, 2002), Czech (1993), Dutch (2022), English (1918, 1975, 1988, 2012), French (1979), German (2022, 2023), Korean (2006), Russian (1982), and Spanish (2005). This paper compares and contrasts twenty renderings of the famous Gion shōja passage: nineteen translations into foreign languages and one romanized adaptation for Japanese language learners in 1592, a pioneering example of intralingual and transcultural adaptation. Strikingly different approaches have been taken to convey the rhetorical power of the eight sonorous opening phrases, some “domesticating” and some“foreignizing”East Asian references to readers from other cultures. Often translated as prose, the passage has increasingly been formatted like poetry, lineated, some even using rhyme or meter. Diction and register are carefully chosen, from the initial Buddhist references to impermanence and decline to the final similes:“but a dream of a spring night”(Okakura 1904) and“as the dust before the wind”(Sadler 1918). Comparison reveals a wide range of strategies to convey a message that transcends cultures and languages. 『平家物語』は少なくとも9 つの言語で全訳されている― 中国語、チェコ語、オランダ語、英語、フランス語、ドイツ語、韓国語、ロシア語、スペイン語である。本稿においては、有名な冒頭文の翻訳20例を比較対照してみた。そのうちのひとつはローマ字表記によるリライトであり、日本語習得者のため1592年に出版された天草版平家物語である。冒頭文が持つ修辞的な力を伝えるために、ある訳は自国文化に「ドメスティケーション(同化)」させ、ある訳は「フォリナイゼイション(異化)」させて異文化感を押し出している。冒頭文の翻訳には、驚くほど異なるアプローチがある。基本的に散文訳が多いが、詩のように改行し、韻を踏み、韻律を用いる訳も増えている。無常と没落についての仏教的修辞から「風の前の塵」といった最後の比喩まで、語法や言語使用域(レジスター)に気を配り、文化や言語を超えたメッセージを伝えるための幅広い技法が見えてくる。

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Cite This Study

Michael Geoffrey WATSON (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69cd7a815652765b073a7ac4https://doi.org/10.24620/0002000647
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