The UPC-Team and BB-Team indices do not penalise patients for receiving multispecialty physician care, compared with the unmodified UPC and BB indices. The modified indices demonstrated more consistency in measuring continuity across patients with varying degrees of medical complexity and less correlation with outpatient healthcare use. Use of these indices is suggested to capture different aspects of relational continuity in the context of multispecialty care nearing the end of life.
Hafid et al. (2026) studied this question.