This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of wormhole solutions governed by four distinct dark energy configurations within the context of Formula: see text gravity. Every dark energy profile has a distinct form function that fulfills the geometric criteria required for a traversable wormhole. By adjusting the dark energy parameter ç within a limited range (Formula: see text), we specify the range where the null energy requirement is breached, hence facilitating wormhole formation. The structure of the wormhole, especially its flare-out geometry, is shown by embedding diagrams. Our analysis of the deflection angle reveals an inward bending of light beyond a certain radial distance, and the existence of positive total gravitational energy in all models corroborates their physical plausibility. An exoticity study has been conducted for each model structure. This thorough study offers novel insights into the gravitational effects of holographic dark energy in enabling stable wormhole formations.
Chaudhary et al. (2026) studied this question.