Mapping Clinical Disease Patterns Potentially Associated with Microplastic Exposure: A Narrative Review Across Twenty-One Disease Categories

The increasing detection of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) in environmental settings and in human biological samples has raised growing concern about their potential implications for human health. Exposure to plastic particles may cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic reactions, according to previous studies. It is unidentified, consequently, to what extent these basic processes result in identifiable clinical illness patterns. This narrative review investigated whether a structured symptom-mapping approach might be used to identify recurrent multisystem symptom patterns that might be consistent with environmental exposure. The Chicago Cluster System (CCS) is a conceptual framework that includes four environmental exposure indicators in addition to 26 clinical signs and symptoms. The CCS framework was used for filtering clinical descriptions of 375 disorders in 21 disease groups using conventional medical references. Using exploratory thresholds of at least eight compatible symptoms, the aim of this study was to identify scenarios exhibiting convergence with the CCS symptom pattern. Forty disorders (11%) exhibited eight or more CCS-compatible symptoms out of the 375 diseases that were evaluated. Neurodegenerative, metabolic, inflammatory, and gastrointestinal illnesses were among the various clinical categories in which these symptoms emerged. Fatigue (65%), upper gastrointestinal problems (58%), and increased inflammatory markers (55%) were the most commonly reported symptoms. These results imply that certain types of chronic disorders may exhibit recurrent multisystem symptom patterns. The observed overlap should be regarded cautiously because many CCS signs are non-specific and widely spread across medical conditions. The CCS framework may organize multisystem symptom patterns in environmental health research.