Introduction: The increasing prevalence of single-parent families has generated significant interest in understanding how differing parental roles influence children’s psychological development. This study examines the psychological dynamics and parenting styles associated with children raised by single mothers and single fathers, with emphasis on emotional and behavioral outcomes. Method: The study employed a quantitative, comparative research design. A sample of 200 children (100 from single-mother households and 100 from single-father households) was selected using stratified random sampling from urban middle-class populations. Data were collected using standardized instruments, namely the Parenting Style Inventory (PSI) and the Child Behavior Assessment Scale (CBAS), along with a demographic information sheet. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, applying descriptive statistics (Mean, SD), independent samples t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to control for demographic variables such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Results: The findings revealed statistically significant differences in parenting styles and selected psychological outcomes. Single mothers demonstrated a higher tendency toward authoritative and emotionally responsive parenting, whereas single fathers exhibited more structured and discipline-oriented approaches. Children raised by single mothers showed better emotional expressiveness, while those raised by single fathers demonstrated relatively higher behavioral independence. No significant difference was found in overall academic performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that effective parenting style, rather than parental gender alone, is a key determinant of positive child development outcomes. The findings have important implications for educational interventions, counseling practices, and policy formulation aimed at supporting single-parent families.
Debadeep Shani (Sun,) studied this question.