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April 5, 2026BMC Psychiatry0 citationsOpen Access

Metabolic Syndrome Associated With Major Depressive Disorder in Remitted Schizophrenia

Association of metabolic syndrome with comorbid major depressive disorder in remitted schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

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Why the study?

To estimate the prevalence of comorbid major depressive disorder in adults with remitted schizophrenia and evaluate whether metabolic syndrome is associated with this comorbidity.

Population

218 adults with remitted DSM-5 schizophrenia in a tertiary outpatient clinic

Comparison

Participants with metabolic syndrome vs without metabolic syndrome

Design

Cross-sectional study

Key result

Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with comorbid major depressive disorder in adults with remitted schizophrenia (OR 3.60) after adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic factors.

Authors

MAMehmet AVANHHHayriye Dilek HamurcuBABegüm Pekiyi Avan

Discussion

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Overview

Supports concurrent metabolic syndrome and depression screening in remitted schizophrenia; extends prior observational links independent of symptoms and antipsychotics.

Key Points

  • To assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder in individuals with remitted schizophrenia and explore its association with metabolic syndrome.
  • Evaluated 218 adults with remitted schizophrenia at a tertiary outpatient clinic.
  • Screened for depressive symptoms using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia.
  • Defined metabolic syndrome based on NCEP ATP III criteria using clinical and lab data.
  • Applied multivariable logistic regression to analyze associations while adjusting for key factors.
  • 33.0% of participants had comorbid major depressive disorder.
  • Metabolic syndrome prevalence was 39.0%, and significantly higher in those with MDD (55.6% vs. 30.8%).
  • Metabolic syndrome was associated with comorbid MDD (OR = 2.91) and remained significant after accounting for other factors (OR = 3.60).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=218)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

P
Population
218 adults with remitted DSM-5 schizophrenia, mean age 44.4, 51.8% male, based in Türkiye. Key inclusion: 18-65 years old, literate, remission for at least 6 months. Exclusions: schizoaffective or bipolar disorder, current/past substance use disorder, severe physical/cognitive impairment, hospitalization within past year.
O
Outcome
Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5)

Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with comorbid major depressive disorder in patients with remitted schizophrenia, emphasizing the need for concurrent screening of depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic risk.

Main Result

Effect estimate: OR 3.60 (95% CI 1.85-6.99)

p-value: p=<0.001

Limitations

  • Cross-sectional design and timing window for metabolic measurements prevent establishing temporality or causality.
  • Sample only included patients in the remission phase, limiting generalizability to all stages of schizophrenia.
  • Did not evaluate antipsychotic dose, cumulative exposure, or specific molecules, leaving potential for residual confounding related to pharmacologic metabolic load.
  • cross-sectional design cannot establish temporality
  • timing window for metabolic measurements
  • sample included only patients in the remission phase
  • did not evaluate antipsychotic dose, cumulative exposure, or specific molecules

Cite This Study

AVAN et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Remitted schizophrenia (n=218). Metabolic syndrome vs. No metabolic syndrome was evaluated on Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.85-6.99, p=<0.001). Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with comorbid major depressive disorder in adults with remitted schizophrenia (OR 3.60) after adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic factors.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d1fc70a79560c99a0a217ahttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-026-08050-9
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