• The “Climate-adapted Forest management” (CAFM) funding program shows different climate protection effects and opportunity costs in forest enterprises: In addition to climate-effective measures, it also promotes less effective measures. • The CAFM program criteria “No clear cuts after calamities”, “Coarse wood debris enrichment”, “Habitat tree preservation”, and “5% set-aside area” show high carbon storage with high opportunity costs.
Brinkord et al. (2026) studied this question.