Dietary and nutraceutical interventions for functional dyspepsia: A narrative review

Abstract Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent disorder of gut–brain interaction. Commonly, meals may exacerbate FD symptoms like postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and nausea. We narratively synthesize meta-analyses, randomized trials, and observational evidence to outline mechanism-based dietary and nutraceutical options. Evidence favors small, regular, lower-fat meals and adjusting texture/osmolarity to minimize gastric distension. In selected phenotypes—particularly postprandial distress with bloating—a brief, dietitian-supervised low-FODMAP trial with staged reintroduction can define personal thresholds. Among nutraceuticals, peppermint–caraway, ginger, STW-5, curcumin, and selected probiotics show benefit, with melatonin and barrier-forming agents promising in subsets, while safety remains product-specific.