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April 7, 20260 citationsOpen Access

TERRA2Addendum₅₆SVRU4Loop

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VLVesa Olavi LiusVLVesa Olavi LiusVLVesa Olavi Lius

Key Points

  • To disclose improvements to the ALLFROMAIR® TERRA² platform aimed at increasing water production and energy efficiency.
  • Introduced two new units: SVRU4 for condensation and Diurnal Thermal Loop for pre-cooling.
  • Conducted thermodynamically verified calculations for Desert and Tropical Max scenarios.
  • Enhanced SVRU4 yield using night-time evaporative cooling from the buffer tank.
  • SVRU4 can produce 172,000–322,000 L/day, depending on climate and conditions.
  • Improved Coefficients of Performance (COP) for compressors, with night-time operation showing COP 4.8 compared to daytime COP 2.8.
  • Repositioning of HX4 improved heat pump performance by 60–101% based on cooled exhaust.

Abstract

This Addendum formally discloses two novel extensions to the ALLFROMAIR® TERRA² Tri-Generation Platform, superseding all draft versions of Addendum 5 and Addendum 6. The disclosures are presented with thermodynamically verified calculations for two primary climate scenarios: Desert (40°C/30%RF) and Tropical Max (40°C/80%RF). The first disclosure — SVRU4 Cascade Condensation — establishes a fourth condenser unit (SVRU4), constructed identically to SVRU1, positioned at the exhaust of Module 2 after SVRU3. SVRU4 condenses water from the moisture-saturated exhaust stream (32–34°C/100%RF) using seawater or a night-cooled buffer as cold medium. This produces an additional 172,000–280,000 L/day in desert and 213,000–322,000 L/day in tropical conditions depending on cold medium temperature. The second disclosure — Diurnal Thermal Loop — establishes that the desert night wet-bulb temperature (15.4°C at 22°C/50%RF) enables near-zero-energy pre-cooling of a buffer tank via evaporative cooling. This buffer supplies SVRU4 with cold medium at 17–18°C, substantially improving SVRU4 yield. Night-time compressor operation at COP 4.8 (+72% vs. daytime COP 2.8) enables optional deep cooling of the buffer to 8–12°C. A key architectural refinement is disclosed: HX4 (heat pump evaporator/scavenger) is repositioned to operate after SVRU4 on the cooled exhaust air (22°C), improving heat pump COP by 60–101% compared to operation on uncooled exhaust (32–34°C). SVRU4 construction is identical to SVRU1 (Heresite P-413, 316L SS, direct condensation on cold surfaces), using the standard TERRA² component set without new technology.

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Cite This Study

Lius et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d49fe5b33cc4c35a22866bhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19430086
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