Phytomicrobiome Unveiled: A Review of Plant-Associated Microorganisms and Their Functional Potential

The complex and dynamic assemblage of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa that co-exist with plants is referred to as the phytomicrobiome. These microorganisms inhabit different environments of plants such as the phyllosphere (leaf surface), endosphere (internal tissues), rhizosphere (soil surrounding roots), and spermosphere (seed environment). Advances in high-throughput sequencing, metagenomics, and molecular biology have significantly improved our understanding of the phytomicrobiome and its importance in plant production, health, and sustainability.environmental management, this review aims to explore the diversity, composition, and functional potential of these organisms.Plant-associated microbes have interactions with their host plants, which can be commensal, beneficial, or sometimes harmful to the plants. By various mechanisms like biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production (auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins), and siderophore production for enhanced iron bioavailability, beneficial microbes help in plant growth.