Vitamin D in the prevention of left ventricular remodelling after an acute myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial

No clinical trial has yet assessed the effect of vitamin D on patients experiencing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this multicentre, randomised (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 93 patients with anterior STEMI were randomised to calcifediol or placebo, for 12 months. The primary endpoint was left ventricular remodelling, defined as a 15% increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) on magnetic resonance imaging. Sixty-five patients were allocated to calcifediol and 28 to placebo. Calcidiol levels increased in the intervention group (20.08.4, 36.5 vs. 2.0− 0.3, 4.5 ng/mL, p < 0.001). No differences were observed in the incidence of left ventricular remodelling (26.2% vs. 21.4%; p = 0.824) and in these secondary end points: increment in end-diastolic volume (6.0− 6.5, 21.6 vs. 6.1− 8.1, 23.8 mL; p = 0.773), end-systolic volume (− 6.9− 15.9, 4.5 vs. 1.3− 20.9, 17.2 mL; p = 0.908), ejection fraction (5.12.1, 10.0 vs. 7.7− 0.9, 11.0%; p = 0.992), and in plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, galectin-3, ST2, growth differentiation factor-15, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Similar results were observed in patients with baseline FGF23 above the median, in those with calcidiol < 30 ng/mL, and in the subgroup with ejection fraction ≤ 40%. In conclusion, calcifediol does not improve left ventricular remodelling or affect biomarkers related to heart failure and inflammation following a STEMI. Trial registration: NCT02548364. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02548364?term=VITDAMI%20Vitamin%20D%20in%20acute%20myocardial%20infarction&rank=1.