Psychological Factors Are Associated With Lower Limb Kinematics During Uphill Walking and Running in Women With Patellofemoral Pain

The findings of this study indicate that higher levels of kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing are associated with reduced knee flexion during uphill walking and treadmill running in women with PFP. Rather than suggesting a causal effect, these results highlight a meaningful relationship between psychological factors and movement patterns during functional activities. Reduced knee flexion may reflect a protective or avoidance strategy commonly observed in individuals with elevated fear of movement or maladaptive pain-related beliefs. Clinically, these associations underscore the importance of considering psychological factors during assessment and rehabilitation, as they may be related to altered movement strategies and functional performance in individuals with knee pain.