Perspectives of adolescents and young people on Digital Health Interventions and their impact on health knowledge

Adolescents and young people (AYP) in Kenya face unique health challenges, but there is a lack of research on their health knowledge and awareness needs. Digital health interventions (DHIs) could help address these gaps. Understanding AYP's current knowledge will inform the development of effective, adolescent-centered interventions. Grounded in the inter-agency framework from WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, and UNESCO for youth-centered DHIs, this study assessed AYP's health knowledge and awareness in three regions of Kenya. The study focused specifically on HIV, intimate partner violence (IPV), substance use, mental health, sexual health, and nutrition. Additionally, it evaluated AYP's preferences for and use of DHIs. This qualitative study used focus group discussions to assess health knowledge and awareness among AYP 19-24 years of age in Kibra (urban), Kikuyu (peri-urban), and Nachu (rural) Kenya. Participants were purposively selected. Data analysis involved independent coding using MAXQDA and thematic analysis to identify key themes. Seventy participants were included in the study with almost similar gender distribution of 36 female and 34 male participants. Young people in Kenya utilize online resources and apps for health information. Despite a general awareness of health issues, knowledge gaps exist concerning HIV prevention, stigma, and treatment. Participants also linked substance use with mental health problems. Cost of internet use and misinformation were barriers to using DHIs. The participants expressed a preference for future DHIs to enable interaction with peers and experts, include referral services, and prioritize privacy. Our study highlights that a targeted health-related app could benefit many adolescents across Kenya. The participatory design of our study was a notable strength. However, future studies could benefit from a less structured interview guide, allowing for deeper understanding of less common health issues. This research will inform the development of a health-focused DHI for Kenyan AYPs, utilizing a user-centered design approach.