Acute Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Two Different Locations on Blood Pressure and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Healthy and Hypertensive Individuals: Pilot Study of a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Acute taVNS induces site- and group-dependent cardiovascular responses, with limited clinical impact after a single session. These findings suggest that short-term stimulation may be insufficient to overcome impaired autonomic regulation in hypertension and highlight the need for repeated or longer stimulation protocols in future clinical trials.