Analysis of Tuberculosis Data in the Niono Health District in Mali from 2016 to 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Kochs bacillus) and remains a major public health problem in many developing countries. This study aimed to analyze tuberculosis data from the Niono health district in Mali from 2016 to 2024. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using routine data collected from Referral Health Centers (CSRef) and selected Community Health Centers (CSCom) in the Niono district. The study covered data from 2016 to 2024. We analyzed annual incidence rates, the proportions of new cases and relapses, and mortality rates. Data confidentiality was maintained through coding throughout the study. Results: A total of 6,711 suspected TB cases, of which 718 were confirmed (a positivity rate of 10.7%), were recorded in the Niono health district database from 2016 to 2024. Tuberculosis incidence increased from 22.1 cases per 100,000 people in the Niono district in 2021 to 26.7 in 2024. The district saw a high proportion of incident cases in 2024 (19.3%). Notification to community health centers was the most common method, at 35.6%. The district experienced frequent relapses in 2019 and 2024 (18.8% and 18%, respectively). 99% of tuberculosis cases were treated at referral health centers. The mortality rate was estimated at 1.3%. Conclusion: Tuberculosis persists in the Niono health district, with the number of cases fluctuating and rising. The implementation of national strategies is necessary to achieve the objectives of a significant reduction.