Direct Photocurrent Detection of Optical Vortex Based on the Orbital Photo Galvanic Effect: Progress, Challenge, and Perspective

A photodetector that can directly distinguish the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is highly desirable for integrated on-chip OAM detection and focal plane array devices. The recent development of OAM detectors based on the intrinsic orbital photo galvanic effects (OPGE) of materials provides a new route for direct OAM detection that is on-chip scalable with high resolution and speed. In this paper, we summarize the current progress in direct photodetection of OAM via OPGE. We begin with a short review of the basic operation scheme of the OAM detector and provide a comprehensive symmetry analysis to sort out the favorable characteristics of the materials, incorporating considerations from device schemes based on various device performance characteristics and specific application circumstances. From that, we review the current experimental progress and technical challenges, then oversee the possible solutions to these challenges and provide a perspective on the future opportunities of this OAM detection route.