Secondary Frequency and Voltage Regulation of dVOC-Based Microgrids Based on Distributed Model Predictive Control

In order to address the challenges of frequency fluctuations and uneven voltage distributions in islanded microgrids, this paper proposes a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategy for secondary frequency and voltage regulation, and it adopts the virtual oscillator control (VOC) grid-forming method for the primary control. Firstly, the prediction model is constructed by integrating VOC dynamic equations with virtual inertia terms. Secondly, a cost function incorporating consensus constraints and tracking error terms is designed within the MPC framework, thereby achieving an optimal balance between dynamic consensus speed and steady-state tracking precision. Thirdly, the quadratic programming formulation strategy is used to solve the cost function optimization problem and update the DMPC outputs. Finally, simulation results verify that the proposed strategy ensures rapid frequency restoration and voltage regulation under sudden load variations and communication topology changes, while maintaining a smooth control process.