The Role of Variety and Mineral Nutrition Background in High-Yield Cultivation of Spring Soft Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) on Gray Forest Soil of Kama Zone of the Republic of Tatarstan

The article presents the results of research (2024-2025) to identify the role of variety and mineral nutrition in obtaining high grain yields of spring wheat suitable for breadmaking. Objects of study were spring soft wheat varieties of domestic selection zoned in the Republic of Tatarstan. Yoldyz variety (standard); Alvaris; Burlak; Khayat; Ulyanovskaya 105 and Ekada 214. The experimental scheme included two factors: A – nutrition background (without fertilizers – control), fertilized background – N123P130K89 kg/active ingredient calculated for 4 tons of grain per 1 ha; factor B - the above-mentioned spring wheat varieties were tested on each nutrition background. Gray forest soil with a humus content of 3.0-3.2% (according to Tyurin), mobile phosphorus 66.0-73.0 and exchangeable potassium 98.0-102.0 mg/kg of soil (according to Kirsanov), pHsalt - 5.0-5.5. In 2024 growing season conditions (hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of 0.71), the grain yield increase under fertilized conditions compared to the control was 0.2 t/ha for Khayat variety, 0.65 t/ha for the Alvaris variety and 0.78-1.11 t/ha, respectively, under more favorable weather conditions in 2025. It was found that spring wheat varieties Alvaris, Burlak and Ekada 214 exhibit the greatest responsiveness to mineral fertilizers in gray forest soil conditions, providing not only a yield increase of up to 0.88 t/ha, but also improved grain quality, which corresponds to Class 3 according to GOST R 52554-2006.