Integrative approaches to aging: Mechanisms, antiaging strategies, and emerging biomedical interventions

ABSTRACT Aging is a multifactorial biological process influenced by genetic, cellular, and environmental factors, resulting in progressive physical and mental decline. It is classified into intrinsic aging – marked by natural cellular deterioration like telomere shortening, collagen loss, and DNA damage – and extrinsic aging, driven by external stressors such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Both types contribute to skin aging and reduced regenerative capacity. This paper discusses diverse antiaging strategies that aim to slow or reverse age-related changes. Lifestyle modifications, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, stress management, and quality sleep, play a pivotal role in promoting longevity and maintaining skin health. Cosmeceuticals such as retinoids, peptides, antioxidants, and hyaluronic acid help reduce visible signs of aging by supporting collagen production, improving dermal structure, enhancing hydration, and strengthening oxidative defence mechanisms. Emerging technologies, such as stem cell therapy, hormone replacement, gene therapy, and cellular reprogramming, show promise in regenerative and personalized anti-aging interventions. In addition, natural remedies have demonstrated antioxidant and skin-rejuvenating effects. The future of antiaging lies in integrating scientific advances with holistic wellness approaches. While aging is inevitable, combining modern biotechnology with sustainable lifestyle choices can significantly delay aging symptoms and improve quality of life. This integrated approach offers a path to healthier, more graceful aging.