Conscious vulnerability: understanding the behavioural correlates of fraud in young adults through temporal discounting

Purpose Fraud among young adults is a highly prevalent issue, yet there has been limited research in this context. This study aims to investigate the behavioural factors influencing online fraud victimisation among young adults. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in temporal discounting theory, the study analyses how behavioural traits such as self-control, sensation-seeking and premeditation mediate the effects of age and time spent online on fraud vulnerability. Using a sample of 515 participants aged 15–30 years from the Delhi Metropolitan Region, India, we analysed how their age and online habits influence, or are influenced by, their behaviours: self-control, sensation-seeking and premeditation. Findings Results of our study suggested that a multi-faceted and complex pathway to victimisation exists, wherein the victim is aware of their actions yet still falls prey to fraud due to poor self-regulation. Self-control emerged as a consistent mediator across all age groups, whereas sensation-seeking did not. Premeditation decreased with age, but did not mediate fraud occurrence. Those falling in the 21–30 years age group experienced a greater impact of time spent online on fraud victimisation. Originality/value This study emphasises the importance of fostering behavioural control and creating protective measures and interventions targeted to each age group. We introduce the novel concept of conscious vulnerability – a condition where individuals knowingly engage with fraudulent content despite being aware of potential risks.