“It’s adjusting the mindset”: physical activity participation during chemotherapy

Abstract Purpose Chemotherapy is associated with multiple side effects (e.g., fatigue, functional decline, emotional distress), but research suggests that the side effects can be mitigated or prevented through regular engagement in physical activity. Yet, there is a known decline in physical activity during chemotherapy. Understanding what a woman affected by breast cancer experiences during chemotherapy may provide insight into ways to increase physical activity engagement. This study explores the experience of women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and how they navigate physical activity participation during chemotherapy. Methods Ten semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with women receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer from June to October 2024. Results The results were synthesized using a reflexive thematic analysis approach; identifying one overarching theme and four sub-themes. The four sub-themes provided specific insights into why physical activity participation was experienced differently during chemotherapy. Going through chemotherapy changed how the women spent their time, how they interacted with people around them, and the roles they fulfilled. Chemotherapy exposed simple tasks (e.g., shower, walking upstairs) that the women previously did not consider physical activity, as activities that expended a significant amount of energy. During chemotherapy, each day felt different so the decision to participate in physical activity balanced on how the women felt, or anticipated feeling, and the perceived benefits or risks of participating. Conclusion Healthcare providers have new insights from women with breast cancer to best recommend relevant and achievable physical activity goals and help address physical activity deficits during chemotherapy.