At Risk Heritage Gardens in Southern Tanzania: Some Insights into the Conservation Status of Mikindani and Kilwa Kisiwani Heritage Sites

EN Southern Tanzania is among the heritage-rich zones in the country with fascinating natural and cultural heritage sites. Among these sites is the Mikindani historical site, around which are other cultural heritage sites such as the Mvita and Miseti ancient settlements. Another site of heritage importance in southern Tanzania, that is also a focus of this paper is Kilwa Kisiwani, which is full of the ruins of the most important and famous medieval City State of the whole of the East African coast. Through interviews and ethnographic observations, this paper explores on how the two famous sites of Mikindani (with its neighbouring sites of Mvita and Miseti) and Kilwa Kisiwani heritage sites, hereinafter termed as ‘heritage gardens’ are at risk of deterioration. Among other things, the paper discusses the conservation status of these sites and the factors leading to their mismanagement. It is elucidated in this paper that regardless the cultural and tourism potential of the sites under discussion, the authorities responsible for conservation and protection of heritage resources in Tanzania, especially the Antiquities department and heritage practitioners have invested little efforts in the management of these sites. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of community in conservation and protection of these historical and heritage assets in south-eastern Tanzania. It is concluded that collective efforts between the government, professionals, and the general public are needed to ensure sustainable management of heritage resources in the country.