Awareness of Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ), Increasing Rates of Oropharyngeal Cancer, and Estimated Economic Burden in Denmark

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the primary causes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), accounting for around 70% of cases in high-income countries. In Denmark, OPSCC is the most common head and neck cancer, yet public awareness of HPV's role has not been assessed in Denmark. This study aims to assess HPV awareness and estimate the future disease and economic burden of OPSCC in Denmark. A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 559 Danish adults was conducted in January 2025 to evaluate awareness of HPV, its link to OPSCC, and perceptions of vaccination. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated from the Danish Cancer Registry (1980-2021) and projected to 2039 and used to estimate the economic burden from treatment costs and productivity losses. Between 1980 and 2021, the incidence of OPSCC increased 7.3-fold in Denmark. Projections indicate that by 2039, the incidence among men will reach 12.3 cases (95% CI 11.7-12.8) per 100,000 population. The cumulative economic burden of OPSCC from 2025 to 2039 is estimated at €2.23 billion (95% CI 2.12-2.33), with productivity losses accounting for the majority of costs. Despite the prevalence and economic impact, public awareness of HPV and its association with OPSCC remains limited in Denmark. Among survey respondents, 38.5% had never heard of HPV, and only 37.0% recognized its link to OPSCC. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive public education, awareness initiatives, and strengthened early detection initiatives to curb the rising incidence and substantial economic impact of HPV-associated OPSCC in Denmark.