Experimental Investigation of Performance of Solar Dryer with Phase Change Material

According to the World Economic Forum, the global population is projected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, demanding energy-efficient and sustainable food-preservation techniques. Solar drying offers a clean alternative to traditional drying systems, reducing energy consumption and improving product quality. The performance of solar dryers can be significantly improved by integrating thermal storage materials such as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) to ensure extended and stable drying even during cloudy periods and after sunset. This study experimentally investigates a solar dryer integrated with paraffin-wax PCM and evaluates its performance through energy, exergy, and economic assessments. The PCM-based solar dryer successfully dried onions, apricots, and tomatoes, achieving moisture removal efficiencies of 69.6%, 65%, and 72% respectively. PCM integration improved thermal stability, extended drying hours, and enhanced system sustainability. Overall, the PCM-assisted solar dryer presents a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally beneficial drying solution suitable for rural and urban applications.