Avian Fecal Matter as a Non-Invasive Biomonitoring Tool for Atmospheric Heavy Metal Loading: A Survey of Jaipur Zoological Garden, Rajasthan

Environmental degradation due to anthropogenic activities, particularly in high-traffic urban centers, necessitates the use of sensitive biological indicators. This study evaluates the efficacy of avian fecal matter as a bio-indicator for heavy metal contamination (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in the Jaipur Zoo. Analysis via Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) revealed significant metal accumulation, particularly in carnivorous species and those with high Basal Metabolic Rates (BMR). With negligible metal traces found in feed and water, the study identifies inhalation as the primary pathway for toxicity. These findings provide a critical warning signal for environmental health in urban ecosystems.