Ethanol Metabolism: Aldh Enzymes and Their Isoforms

Ethanol metabolism is a complex biochemical process primarily occurring in hepatocytes of the liver, where alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme systems play a central role. This article provides a detailed analysis of the oxidative pathways of ethanol metabolism, with particular emphasis on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes, their structural and functional characteristics, and isoenzyme forms. Special attention is given to the genetic polymorphism of ALDH isoforms (including ALDH1, ALDH2, etc.) and their impact on metabolic processes. The study also examines the toxic effects associated with acetaldehyde accumulation resulting from impaired ethanol metabolism. Furthermore, the clinical significance of individual variations in enzyme activity is evaluated based on current scientific literature.