Exploring continuous improvement and Industry 4.0 integration through the lens of the digital transformation pyramid

Purpose Continuous improvement (CI) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) integration is vital for manufacturing success, but still emerging. This study aims to examine its current state through a literature review. We then propose a framework to aid this crucial integration. Design/methodology/approach This study used literature review to investigate the current state of integration between CI tools and I4.0 technologies. The author conducted a thorough review of papers published from 2011 to 2023. A keyword search strategy identified 81 relevant studies. In addition, an iterative backward and forward snowballing approach was used to locate more studies. Finally, the chosen articles were analysed to reveal key findings in the integration of CI and I4.0 (CI 4.0). Findings This study introduces a novel approach to analyse the digital transformation of CI tools. The investigation applies the digital transformation pyramid to analyse the integration of CI tools with I4.0 technologies. This study explores the transformation of CI tools through three key stages: digitization, digitalization and digital transformation. In addition, the investigation proposes a conceptual framework for the digital transformation of CI practices. Practical implications The outcomes of this study assist decision makers in selecting the most suitable I4.0 technologies to enhance CI and implement data-driven approaches. Originality/value This study not only advances existing knowledge by exploring how CI tools complement I4.0 technologies but also provides a structured approach for their integration. The insights gained help practitioners identify appropriate I4.0 technologies for digitally transforming CI practices.