Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Dengue Dynamics Through Numerical Simulation

Dengue fever is among the most rapidly expanding mosquito-borne infections, requiring precise models to understand and mitigate its spread. Unlike classical malaria studies that employ coupled SI–SI frameworks for humans and vectors, this work introduces a human-centered SEIR model that explicitly incorporates the exposed and recovered classes. This structure captures both the incubation delay before infectiousness and the transition to temporary immunity after recovery, offering a more faithful representation of dengue dynamics. The basic reproduction number is derived using the next generation matrix method, serving as the threshold between eradication and persistence. Parametric sensitivity analysis through normalized forward indices identifies the parameters with the strongest impact on , guiding effective intervention priorities. Numerical simulations further illustrate the influence of these parameters on outbreak progression, confirming that targeted reductions in transmission can markedly suppress epidemic peaks. By combining rigorous analysis with computational experiments, this study advances the theoretical understanding of dengue while providing practical insights for disease control strategies.