Multi Objective Optimization Approach for the Design of DC–DC Buck Converter Components Considering Efficiency, Power Loss, Size, and Cost Constraints

The growing demand for high-efficiency and compact power electronic systems has increased interest in advanced design methods for DC–DC converters. This paper presents a multi objective optimization framework for the design of DC–DC buck converter components under efficiency, power loss, size, and cost constraints. The design task is formulated as a vector optimization problem in which several competing objectives are evaluated within one analytical structure. Metaheuristic algorithms are used to search the nonlinear design space and generate Pareto optimal solutions that represent different trade off combinations among the selected design criteria. This formulation allows designers to move beyond single-objective approaches and compare feasible alternatives according to application requirements. Simulation results show that the optimized designs achieve higher efficiency, lower power loss, smaller passive component values, and lower overall cost than conventional rule-based methods. The results also indicate clear trade offs among switching frequency, component size, and converter losses. Thus, the proposed framework provides a systematic basis for balancing electrical performance with practical implementation requirements. In addition to its academic value, the method is applicable to buck converter design in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, portable electronics, and other power conversion applications.