Functional and systems perspectives on Ayurveda Dosha subtypes

Abstract In addition to being a pathophysiological entity, Dosha forms the foundation of Ayurveda therapeutics. The classification of various Dosha types in Ayurveda classics implies some room for expansion of Dosha types to include contemporary biomedical entities and phenomena. As the epistemic foundations of both sciences differ, this article proposes some guiding principles for the expansion of Dosha subtypes. The first guideline is the proposal of using Nirukti (template: Ranjaka Pitta ) and Sthana (template: Sadhaka Pitta ) for the Dosha subtype. “Function” remains the primary guiding principle, as Doshas are functional only (template: Prana Vata functions and subclassification of Smriti function of Udana Vata ). Using the template of locomotion ( Vyana Vata ), we guide on how different biomedical entities for an emergent phenomenon can be considered under a Dosha subtype. Another key focus of the guidelines is avoiding the oversimplification fallacy. Albumin is used as an example to illustrate the various integrative approaches that can be employed to explain its relationship to the Dosha subtypes. Using the template of “Fragmentation of Mitochondria,” it is discussed that, despite appearing to be a “ Vataja ” phenomenon, “fragmentation” can also cause Pittaja/Kaphaja diseases. Therefore, the guiding principles suggest that the “ Hetu-Ling-Aushadha ” epistemology of Ayurveda to not be forgotten. With the example of “ Prana Vata Dushti ,” guidelines for expansions based on etio-pathological patterns of Dosha types are discussed. Lastly, guidelines are provided on how to identify Dosha subtypes in the Samprapti of diseases and symptoms, and how to explore Gamitwa of Kalpa Phalashruti on Dosha subtypes, using examples such as Pandu and Tapyadi Loha .